A-level Economics Tutor

Every essay title, and a timed practice tool

72 twenty-five-mark A-level essays and 36 twenty-mark AS essays, grouped by topic with the series each appeared in. Pick one to write under timed conditions (30 minutes for a 25-marker, 24 for a 20-marker, the exam's pace of 1.2 minutes a mark), then open the mark scheme with its levels grid and indicative content and award yourself a level.

Section C of each A-level paper offers a choice of two 25-mark essays; the AS papers offer a choice of two 20-markers. Both titles of each pair are listed.

Timed essay

(random from the selected topics, or from all)

All titles by topic

Specialisation and the division of labour (1)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic advantages for a country specialising in energy production using gas.

Free market, mixed and command economies (4)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2023AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the possible disadvantages of a free market approach to the provision of television content.
October 2020AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the possible advantages of a free market approach to providing services such as education.
June 2019AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the possible disadvantages of a free market approach to providing health care.
June 2017AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the possible advantages of a free market approach to cigarette consumption.

Supply, demand and price determination (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2019AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate possible ways the government could intervene to reduce the excess demand for state-funded health care.
June 2018Paper 3 Q1(e)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased UK demand for coffee at branded coffee shops.

Price, income and cross elasticities of demand (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
October 2020Paper 1 Q725The International Energy Agency has predicted that oil use by cars will peak in 2025 because of the increasing number of drivers switching to electric vehicles. (Source adapted from: https://www.theti
June 2018Paper 3 Q2(d)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects on Indonesia of the volatility of prices of commodities such as coal.

The price mechanism, consumer and producer surplus (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
October 2020AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the possible advantages of a free market approach to providing services such as education.
June 2017AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the possible advantages of a free market approach to cigarette consumption.

Indirect taxes and subsidies (5)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of a reduction in subsidies to farmers of animal products (Figure 1 and Extract B, line 14). Use a relevant diagram to support your answer.
June 2025AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of an increase in indirect tax on animal products (Figure 2 and Extract A, line 17). Use a relevant diagram to support your answer.
June 2024AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the likely impact of a tax on plastic food-packaging. Use a diagram to support your answer.
June 2019Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of imposing a tax on HFSS foods.
June 2017Paper 1 Q725In 2015 a report by Public Health England recommended the imposition of a 20% tax on the sale of soft drinks that contain high levels of sugar. Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of such a tax.

Market failure and externalities (12)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 1 Q725High Speed 2 (HS2) was a £100 billion UK government rail project designed to expand the existing network. The journey time between London and Manchester would take just 1 hour and 11 minutes, 54 minut
June 2025Paper 1 Q825In 2023, the UK prime minister Rishi Sunak said that he wanted to see all students in England study some form of mathematics until they reach the age of 18 to ‘ensure that they leave school better equ
June 2023AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate possible methods of government intervention to reduce the environmental damage caused by the consumption of television content.
June 2023AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the possible disadvantages of a free market approach to the provision of television content.
June 2023Paper 1 Q825Using 2021 estimates of carbon emissions, it is estimated that a petrol car journey from London to Glasgow emits approximately 3.3 times more carbon dioxide per passenger than the equivalent journey b
June 2022AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Some economists suggest that the market price of cod does not result in the socially optimum level of output. Evaluate the likely external costs from the over-fishing of cod. Use an appropriate diagra
October 2020AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate whether government intervention is able to correct market failure in education.
October 2020Paper 1 Q725The International Energy Agency has predicted that oil use by cars will peak in 2025 because of the increasing number of drivers switching to electric vehicles. (Source adapted from: https://www.theti
October 2020Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impact of large infrastructure projects such as the building of a third airport in Istanbul.
June 2019AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the possible disadvantages of a free market approach to providing health care.
June 2018AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Using the concept of external costs, evaluate whether nuclear power is under-provided or over-provided in the energy market. Use an appropriate diagram in your answer.
June 2018Paper 1 Q725In September 2016 the government approved the building of an £18 billion nuclear power station, Hinkley Point C, which will supply 7% of UK electricity for up to 60 years. The power station is funded

Public goods and information gaps (1)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2016AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the case for government provision of goods and services such as flood defence schemes or housing.

Government intervention in markets (17)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of a reduction in subsidies to farmers of animal products (Figure 1 and Extract B, line 14). Use a relevant diagram to support your answer.
June 2025AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of an increase in indirect tax on animal products (Figure 2 and Extract A, line 17). Use a relevant diagram to support your answer.
June 2024AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the likely impact of a tax on plastic food-packaging. Use a diagram to support your answer.
June 2024AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate methods of government intervention which could be used to reduce the market failure associated with plastic waste. Use a diagram to support your answer.
June 2023AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate possible methods of government intervention to reduce the environmental damage caused by the consumption of television content.
June 2023Paper 1 Q725The average UK household energy bill (gas and electric combined) rose 80% from £1 971 in 2021 to £3 549 in 2022. (Source adapted from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/consumer-affairs/ energy-price-
June 2023Paper 1 Q825Using 2021 estimates of carbon emissions, it is estimated that a petrol car journey from London to Glasgow emits approximately 3.3 times more carbon dioxide per passenger than the equivalent journey b
June 2022AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Other than using a TAC, evaluate the policy options which could be used to reduce market failure resulting from over-fishing. Use at least one appropriate diagram in your answer.
October 2020AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate whether government intervention is able to correct market failure in education.
June 2019AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate possible ways the government could intervene to reduce the excess demand for state-funded health care.
June 2019Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased government spending on education to promote healthy eating in the UK.
June 2019Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of imposing a tax on HFSS foods.
June 2018AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate ways in which government intervention could be used to reduce carbon emissions. Use at least one appropriate diagram in your answer.
June 2017AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the impact of government intervention in the cigarette market.
June 2017Paper 1 Q725In 2015 a report by Public Health England recommended the imposition of a 20% tax on the sale of soft drinks that contain high levels of sugar. Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of such a tax.
June 2016AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of government intervention in the UK housing market.
June 2016AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the case for government provision of goods and services such as flood defence schemes or housing.

Government failure (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate methods of government intervention which could be used to reduce the market failure associated with plastic waste. Use a diagram to support your answer.
June 2017AS Paper 1 Q6(g)20Evaluate the impact of government intervention in the cigarette market.
June 2016AS Paper 1 Q6(f)20Evaluate the likely microeconomic effects of government intervention in the UK housing market.

Inflation (8)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the possible causes of inflation in the UK.
June 2025Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of high levels of inflation. Refer to the UK or any other developed economy in your answer.
June 2023AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate how interest rates are used to control UK inflation.
June 2023Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of labour shortages in the UK, or a developed economy of your choice.
June 2019AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the use of interest rate changes as a means of controlling UK inflation.
June 2019Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of relatively high inflation rates in many African countries.
June 2018AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the likely impact of high inflation on the UK government’s macroeconomic objectives.
June 2016AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate whether the MPC has been successful in controlling the UK’s inflation rate since 2011.

The balance of payments (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024Paper 2 Q725In 2021 Brazil’s current account deficit on the balance of payments was US$46.12 billion. The Central Bank of Brazil intervened to sell its own currency, the real, on September 23rd 2022. This was the
June 2023AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the main influences on the UK’s net trade balance.

Aggregate demand (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2023AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the main influences on the UK’s net trade balance.
June 2023Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of falling house prices.
June 2017Paper 3 Q1(e)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impact on Chile’s economy of changes in the level of investment.

Aggregate supply (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
October 2020Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a decline in the literacy and numeracy skills of a country’s young workers.
June 2018Paper 2 Q725In 2016 the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that the government would spend an extra £23 billion on innovation and infrastructure over the following five years. Evaluate the likely economic e
June 2017Paper 2 Q825Global oil prices fell from a 2008 peak of $147 a barrel to $27 in 2016. Evaluate the likely macroeconomic consequences of a significant fall in global oil prices.

The circular flow, national income and the multiplier (5)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2022Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of significant increases in the minimum wage. Refer to restaurants or other food delivery services in your answer.
June 2018Paper 2 Q725In 2016 the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that the government would spend an extra £23 billion on innovation and infrastructure over the following five years. Evaluate the likely economic e
June 2018Paper 3 Q1(e)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased UK demand for coffee at branded coffee shops.
June 2017Paper 2 Q825Global oil prices fell from a 2008 peak of $147 a barrel to $27 in 2016. Evaluate the likely macroeconomic consequences of a significant fall in global oil prices.
June 2017Paper 3 Q1(e)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impact on Chile’s economy of changes in the level of investment.

Economic growth, output gaps and the trade cycle (4)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
November 2021Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors which determine the number of firms in an industry. Refer to HCWs or another industry of your choice.
November 2021Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors which are likely to determine the rate of economic growth in Germany relative to other developed economies.
June 2017AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the benefits of economic growth to the UK given that ‘a number of concerns remain’ in the UK economy (Extract A, line 7).
June 2017AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the view that another recession is ‘inevitable’ in the UK (Extract A, line 24).

Macroeconomic objectives, conflicts and trade-offs (7)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 2 Q725In January 2023 the UK prime minister, Rishi Sunak, promised to halve inflation by the end of the year. In July 2023 the Bank of England governor, Andrew Bailey, said: “It is crucial that we… return i
June 2024AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate whether expansionary demand-side policies lead to conflicts between macroeconomic objectives.
June 2024AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate whether the MPC has been successful in meeting the UK’s macroeconomic objectives between 2008 and 2019.
November 2021Paper 2 Q825It has been estimated that if climate change led to the world’s temperature rising 2.5 °C compared to the temperature in 2010, then global GDP per capita would be 15% lower by 2100. If temperatures ri
October 2020AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the likely macroeconomic effects of the UK government pursuing a policy of reducing its budget deficit.
June 2019AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the potential conflicts between the objective of economic growth and two other UK macroeconomic objectives.
June 2018AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the likely impact of high inflation on the UK government’s macroeconomic objectives.

Demand-side policies: fiscal and monetary policy (17)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate whether expansionary demand-side policies lead to conflicts between macroeconomic objectives.
June 2024AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate whether the MPC has been successful in meeting the UK’s macroeconomic objectives between 2008 and 2019.
June 2024Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of high interest rates in Ghana, or another developing country of your choice.
June 2023AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate how interest rates are used to control UK inflation.
June 2023Paper 2 Q825UK inflation, as measured by the CPI, rose to 10.1% in the 12 months to July 2022, compared to 2.0% in the 12 months to July 2021. (Source: adapted from https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpric
June 2022AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the fiscal policies the UK Government could use if it believes that ‘the UK economy is likely to experience another recession’ (Extract A, lines 27–28).
June 2022Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of decreasing interest rates in Kenya, or another developing country of your choice.
November 2021Paper 2 Q725The European Central Bank introduced a new round of quantitative easing (QE) in March 2020, purchasing up to €750 billion of assets. The objective of this QE was to reduce the serious risks to the eff
November 2021Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts of ‘a much more expansionary fiscal policy’ (Extract C line 23) on the German economy.
October 2020AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the likely macroeconomic effects of the UK government pursuing a policy of reducing its budget deficit.
October 2020Paper 2 Q725In 2018, the United States Government cut the corporation tax rate (tax on company profits) from 35% to 21%. Income tax rates for US citizens were also reduced: for example, the top rate of income tax
October 2020Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a rise in interest rates in Turkey.
June 2019AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate the use of interest rate changes as a means of controlling UK inflation.
June 2019Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased government spending on education to promote healthy eating in the UK.
June 2018AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate government policies, apart from migration policies, that could be used to increase the employment rate in the UK.
June 2016AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate whether the MPC has been successful in controlling the UK’s inflation rate since 2011.
June 2016AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate demand-side policy responses to the Global Financial Crisis of 2008.

Supply-side policies (9)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the use of market-based supply-side policies to increase UK employment.
June 2023Paper 2 Q825UK inflation, as measured by the CPI, rose to 10.1% in the 12 months to July 2022, compared to 2.0% in the 12 months to July 2021. (Source: adapted from https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpric
June 2022AS Paper 2 Q6(g)20Evaluate the supply-side policies the UK Government could use to increase the UK’s productivity.
October 2020AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate supply-side policies that could be used to increase the UK’s rate of economic growth.
October 2020Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impact of large infrastructure projects such as the building of a third airport in Istanbul.
October 2020Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate possible microeconomic and macroeconomic policies which could be used to improve UK competitiveness.
June 2018AS Paper 2 Q6(f)20Evaluate government policies, apart from migration policies, that could be used to increase the employment rate in the UK.
June 2018Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of the supply-side policies recently introduced in Indonesia.
June 2017Paper 3 Q1(d)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of policies that could be used to stimulate economic growth and development in C

Business growth and business objectives (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2018Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that may influence Starbucks’ decision whether to expand in a particular country.
June 2017Paper 1 Q825‘Revenue maximisation is a more realistic business objective than profit maximisation for many businesses.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Refer to an industry of your choice in your

Revenues, costs and profits (8)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of high levels of inflation. Refer to the UK or any other developed economy in your answer.
June 2025Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a regional trade agreement between the UK and the EU.
June 2024Paper 1 Q725A small hotel in Scarborough has seen its energy bills increase from £2 000 to £8 000 per month. Small businesses do not have the energy management teams of larger companies to negotiate better deals.
June 2024Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of high interest rates in Ghana, or another developing country of your choice.
June 2024Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of Ghana joining the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (Extract F).
June 2022Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a depreciation of the pound. Refer to restaurants or other food delivery services in your answer.
June 2022Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of decreasing interest rates in Kenya, or another developing country of your choice.
October 2020Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a rise in interest rates in Turkey.

Market structures: efficiency, perfect and monopolistic competition (1)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2022Paper 1 Q725Tesla held an 82% market share of the electric vehicle market in the United States during the first half of 2020. (Source: adapted from https://electrek.co/2020/08/21/ tesla-holds-us-ev-market-losing-

Oligopoly (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
November 2021Paper 1 Q825In many industries, such as banking, health insurance, internet search engines, pharmaceuticals, social media and telecommunications, there have been increases in market concentration. Evaluate the po
June 2019Paper 1 Q825In October 2017 Scania, the Volkswagen-owned truck maker, was fined €880 million (£771 million) by the European Commission for colluding with five other truck manufacturers over a 14-year period. The

Monopoly (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2022Paper 1 Q725Tesla held an 82% market share of the electric vehicle market in the United States during the first half of 2020. (Source: adapted from https://electrek.co/2020/08/21/ tesla-holds-us-ev-market-losing-
November 2021Paper 1 Q825In many industries, such as banking, health insurance, internet search engines, pharmaceuticals, social media and telecommunications, there have been increases in market concentration. Evaluate the po
June 2018Paper 1 Q825In July 2016 Apple’s share of the UK market for smartphones was 38%. Evaluate whether such a high market share for one company is in the consumer interest. Use appropriate diagrammatic analysis in you

Monopsony and contestable markets (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024Paper 1 Q825Bytedance, which owns TikTok, has launched its own fragrance ‘Emotif’. The Beijing-based social media giant has already entered the food and drink markets. (Source adapted from: https://www.businessof
November 2021Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors which determine the number of firms in an industry. Refer to HCWs or another industry of your choice.
October 2020Paper 1 Q825‘Amazon.com, the giant online retailer, has too much power.’ It uses its market power to put a squeeze on publishers, in effect driving down the prices it pays for books. If a publisher refuses, Amazo

The labour market (14)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 1 Q725High Speed 2 (HS2) was a £100 billion UK government rail project designed to expand the existing network. The journey time between London and Manchester would take just 1 hour and 11 minutes, 54 minut
June 2025Paper 1 Q825In 2023, the UK prime minister Rishi Sunak said that he wanted to see all students in England study some form of mathematics until they reach the age of 18 to ‘ensure that they leave school better equ
June 2025Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic reasons for the fall in poverty in India.
June 2025Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of rapid increases in population in India.
June 2024Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that explain gender-based wage differences in the UK oil and gas industry.
June 2023Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate microeconomic and macroeconomic policies that could be used to reduce inequality in the UK.
June 2023Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of falling house prices.
June 2023Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of labour shortages in the UK, or a developed economy of your choice.
June 2022Paper 1 Q825Some occupations in the UK are facing large labour shortages. Hard-to-fill vacancies include qualified chefs, software engineers, construction workers and qualified nurses. (Source: adapted from https
June 2022Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of significant increases in the minimum wage. Refer to restaurants or other food delivery services in your answer.
November 2021Paper 1 Q725The national living wage, the minimum wage for 25-year-olds and over, is expected to rise to more than £10.50 an hour in 2024 compared with £8.72 in 2020. The wage does not apply to the UK’s self-empl
November 2021Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased government intervention in an industry. Refer to HCWs or another industry of your choice.
October 2020Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a decline in the literacy and numeracy skills of a country’s young workers.
June 2019Paper 1 Q725In July 2017 it was announced that only a third of the BBC’s 96 top earning presenters were women and that its seven highest-paid presenters were all men. According to the High Pay Centre, in 2018, UK

Government intervention: competition policy and regulation (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2023Paper 1 Q725The average UK household energy bill (gas and electric combined) rose 80% from £1 971 in 2021 to £3 549 in 2022. (Source adapted from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/consumer-affairs/ energy-price-
November 2021Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased government intervention in an industry. Refer to HCWs or another industry of your choice.
June 2018Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of the supply-side policies recently introduced in Indonesia.

Globalisation, specialisation and trade (6)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024Paper 2 Q825In 2020, exports as a share of world GDP were 12% higher than in 2000, almost twice as high as 50 years ago. (Source adapted from: https://www.dhl.com/content/dam/dhl/global/dhl-spotlight/ documents/p
June 2024Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic advantages for a country specialising in energy production using gas.
June 2022Paper 2 Q825With global economic growth slowing and inequality rising, the case against globalisation is strengthening. But there are also many benefits to globalisation. Global trade and international trade agre
June 2019Paper 2 Q725Three of Africa’s main trading blocs have agreed to form the Tripartite Free Trade Agreement (TFTA). This will create one of the world’s largest free trade areas, stretching across 26 countries with a
June 2018Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that may influence Starbucks’ decision whether to expand in a particular country.
June 2017Paper 2 Q725Since the global financial crisis of 2008 there have been over 5 700 increases in tariffs, quotas and administrative controls on international trade. Evaluate the likely effects of an increase in prot

Trading blocs, the WTO and protectionism (5)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a regional trade agreement between the UK and the EU.
June 2024Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of Ghana joining the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (Extract F).
June 2022Paper 2 Q725Both China and the United States have been gradually increasing the tariffs imposed on each other’s exports as their trade dispute continues. The IMF estimated that the trade dispute between China and
June 2019Paper 2 Q725Three of Africa’s main trading blocs have agreed to form the Tripartite Free Trade Agreement (TFTA). This will create one of the world’s largest free trade areas, stretching across 26 countries with a
June 2017Paper 2 Q725Since the global financial crisis of 2008 there have been over 5 700 increases in tariffs, quotas and administrative controls on international trade. Evaluate the likely effects of an increase in prot

Exchange rates (2)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2022Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a depreciation of the pound. Refer to restaurants or other food delivery services in your answer.
June 2018Paper 2 Q825The British pound fell by over 10% to a 30-year low against the US dollar after the UK voted to leave the European Union. To what extent will this depreciation impact on future economic growth in the

International competitiveness (4)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2023Paper 2 Q725In 2022 the value of UK exports fell by 14% compared with 2020. In contrast, the global average increase in exports was 8.2% over the same time period. The UK’s competitiveness also fell, dropping fiv
November 2021Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors which are likely to determine the rate of economic growth in Germany relative to other developed economies.
October 2020Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate possible microeconomic and macroeconomic policies which could be used to improve UK competitiveness.
June 2017Paper 3 Q2(d)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic influences on the UK’s international competitiveness.

Poverty and inequality (4)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic reasons for the fall in poverty in India.
June 2024Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors that explain gender-based wage differences in the UK oil and gas industry.
November 2021Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of increased government intervention in an industry. Refer to HCWs or another industry of your choice.
October 2020Paper 2 Q825In terms of income distribution and wealth distribution Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world. Its income Gini coefficient is 0.449 and it is ranked number 2 in the world for its we

Emerging and developing economies (6)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2025Paper 2 Q825In Sudan, public services such as healthcare are struggling to keep running. Power outages, blocking of internet access, and fuel shortages, will mean hospitals struggle to operate. Many of the hospit
June 2025Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of rapid increases in population in India.
June 2022Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic strategies that could be used to promote development in Kenya, or another developing country of your choice.
June 2019Paper 3 Q2(d)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors, apart from access to credit and banking, influencing growth and development in Mozambique.
June 2018Paper 3 Q2(d)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects on Indonesia of the volatility of prices of commodities such as coal.
June 2017Paper 3 Q1(d)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of policies that could be used to stimulate economic growth and development in C

Public expenditure, taxation and public sector finances (6)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2023Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of tax cuts in the UK.
November 2021Paper 3 Q2(e)25Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts of ‘a much more expansionary fiscal policy’ (Extract C line 23) on the German economy.
October 2020Paper 2 Q725In 2018, the United States Government cut the corporation tax rate (tax on company profits) from 35% to 21%. Income tax rates for US citizens were also reduced: for example, the top rate of income tax
June 2019Paper 2 Q825Japan’s budget deficit for 2017/18 is expected to be 4.6% of GDP. Its national debt is forecast to increase to above 250% of GDP by 2019. Evaluate the impact of a large fiscal deficit and national deb
June 2019Paper 3 Q1(e)25Evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of imposing a tax on HFSS foods.
June 2017Paper 3 Q2(e)25With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a government policy of cutting public expenditure rather than raising taxes a

Macroeconomic policies in a global context (3)

SeriesPaperMarksTitle
June 2024Paper 2 Q725In 2021 Brazil’s current account deficit on the balance of payments was US$46.12 billion. The Central Bank of Brazil intervened to sell its own currency, the real, on September 23rd 2022. This was the
June 2023Paper 3 Q1(d)25Evaluate microeconomic and macroeconomic policies that could be used to reduce inequality in the UK.
November 2021Paper 2 Q725The European Central Bank introduced a new round of quantitative easing (QE) in March 2020, purchasing up to €750 billion of assets. The objective of this QE was to reduce the serious risks to the eff

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